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Binciken halittu

salon binciken hallitu
An gano magunguna masu mahimmanci da yawa ta hanyar binciken halittu ciki har da maganin ciwon sukari metformin (wanda aka haɓaka daga samfurin halitta da aka samo a cikin Galega officinalis). [1]

Bioprospecting (wanda aka fi sani da Binciken halittu) bincike ne na tushen halitta don ƙananan kwayoyin, macromolecules da bayanan kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta waɗanda za a iya haɓaka su cikin samfuran kasuwanci masu mahimmanci don aikin noma, [2] about="#mwt42" class="mw-ref reference" data-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"pmid30465306"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-pmid30465306-3","html":"<span typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-mw=\"{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;templatestyles&quot;,&quot;attrs&quot;:{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;},&quot;body&quot;:{&quot;extsrc&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;parts&quot;:[{&quot;template&quot;:{&quot;target&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;cite journal &quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;./Template:Cite_journal&quot;},&quot;params&quot;:{&quot;vauthors&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Pandey A, Yarzábal LA&quot;},&quot;date&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;January 2019&quot;},&quot;title&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Bioprospecting cold-adapted plant growth promoting microorganisms from mountain environments&quot;},&quot;journal&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology&quot;},&quot;volume&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;103&quot;},&quot;issue&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;2&quot;},&quot;pages&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;643–657&quot;},&quot;doi&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;10.1007/s00253-018-9515-2&quot;},&quot;pmid&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;30465306&quot;},&quot;s2cid&quot;:{&quot;wt&quot;:&quot;53720063&quot;}},&quot;i&quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwA08\"> </span><cite about=\"#mwt39\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"CITEREFPandeyYarzábal2019\" data-ve-ignore=\"true\">Pandey A, Yarzábal LA (January 2019). \"Bioprospecting cold-adapted plant growth promoting microorganisms from mountain environments\". <i id=\"mwA1A\">Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology</i>. <b id=\"mwA1E\">103</b> (2): 643–657. <a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"670\" href=\"./Doi_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1I\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Doi (identifier)\">doi</a>:<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00253-018-9515-2\" id=\"mwA1M\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">10.1007/s00253-018-9515-2</a>. <a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"671\" href=\"./PMID_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1Q\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"PMID (identifier)\">PMID</a><span id=\"mwA1U\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30465306\" id=\"mwA1Y\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">30465306</a>. <a class=\"mw-redirect cx-link\" data-linkid=\"672\" href=\"./S2CID_(identifier)\" id=\"mwA1c\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"S2CID (identifier)\">S2CID</a><span id=\"mwA1g\" typeof=\"mw:Entity\"> </span><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53720063\" id=\"mwA1k\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">53720063</a>.</cite>"}}' id="cite_ref-pmid30465306_3-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Bioprospecting#cite_note-pmid30465306-3 [2]] aquaculture, [3] bioremediation, [3] kayan shafawa, [4] [5] nanotechnology, [3] [4] ko masana'antun magunguna [4] [5] .[6][7][8][9] A cikin masana'antar magunguna, alal misali, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk ƙananan magungunan da Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su tsakanin 1981 da 2014, ko dai kayayyakin halitta ne ko mahadi da aka samo daga kayayyakin halitta.[10]

Tsire-tsire na ƙasa, fungi da actinobacteria sun kasance masu mayar da hankali ga shirye-shiryen bioprospecting dayawa da suka gabata, amma sha'awar tana girma a cikin yanayin halittu da ba'a bincika su ba (misali teku da teku) da kwayoyin halitta (misali myxobacteria, archaea) a matsayin hanyar gano sabbin mahadi tare da Ayyukan halittu na zamani. [6] [9][11][12] Ana iya tantance nau'o'in ba zato ba tsammani don aikin rayuwa ko zaɓaɓɓen tunani kuma ana tantance su bisa ga ilimin muhalli, Ethnobiological, ethnomedical, tarihi ko bayanan genomic.[9][13][14]

Lokacin da albarkatun halittu na yankin ko ilimin 'yan asalin sun kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma anyi amfani dashi ta hanyar kasuwanci batare da samar da diyya mai kyau ba, wannan an san shi da biopiracy.[15] An tattauna yarjejeniyoyi daban-daban na kasa da kasa don samar da kasashe damar shari'a a yayin da akayi amfani da kwayoyin halitta da kuma ba 'yan wasan kasuwanci tabbacin shari'a don saka hannun jari. Wadannan sun hada da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halitta da Yarjejeniya ta Nagoya.[2][9] WIPO a halin yanzu tana tattaunawa kan karin yarjejeniyoyi don magance gibin a wannan fagen.

Sauran haɗarin dake tattare da binciken halittu sune yawan girbi na jinsuna da lalacewar muhalli, amma an samar da dokoki don magance waɗannan. Misalan sun haɗa da dokokin ƙasa kamar Dokar Kare Mammal ta Amurka da Dokar Dabbobi Masu Hadari ta Amurka, da yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kamar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Bambancin Halitta, Yarjejeniyar UN kan Dokar Tekun, Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction Treaty, da Yarjejeniyar Antarctic . [9][16]

  1. ↑ Buenz EJ, Verpoorte R, Bauer BA (January 2018). "The ethnopharmacologic contribution to bioprospecting natural products". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 58 (1): 509–530. doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052703. PMID 29077533.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Mobilizing funding for biodiversity conservation: a user-friendly training guide" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Beattie AJ, Hay M, Magnusson B, de Nys R, Smeathers J, Vincent JF (May 2011). "Ecology and bioprospecting". Austral Ecology. 36 (3): 341–356. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02170.x. PMC 3380369. PMID 22737038.
  4. ↑ Mazarrasa I, Olsen YS, Mayol E, Marbà N, Duarte CM (October 2014). "Global unbalance in seaweed production, research effort and biotechnology markets". Biotechnology Advances. 32 (5): 1028–36. doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.05.002. PMID 24858315.
  5. ↑ Pascoal F, Magalhães C, Costa R (February 2020). "The link between the ecology of the prokaryotic rare biosphere and its biotechnological potential". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: Article 231. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00231. PMC 7042395. PMID 32140148.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Abida H, Ruchaud S, Rios L, Humeau A, Probert I, De Vargas C, Bach S, Bowler C (November 2013). "Bioprospecting marine plankton". Marine Drugs. 11 (11): 4594–4611. doi:10.3390/md11114594. PMC 3853748. PMID 24240981.
  7. ↑ Gupta PL, Rajput M, Oza T, Trivedi U, Sanghvi G (August 2019). "Eminence of microbial products in cosmetic industry". Natural Products and Bioprospecting. 9 (4): 267–278. doi:10.1007/s13659-019-0215-0. PMC 6646485. PMID 31214881.
  8. ↑ Upadhyay P, Shrivastava R, Agrawal PK (June 2016). "Bioprospecting and biotechnological applications of fungal laccase". 3 Biotech. 6 (1): Article 15. doi:10.1007/s13205-015-0316-3. PMC 4703590. PMID 28330085.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Cushnie TP, Cushnie B, Echeverría J, Fowsantear W, Thammawat S, Dodgson JL, Law S, Clow SM (June 2020). "Bioprospecting for antibacterial drugs: a multidisciplinary perspective on natural product source material, bioassay selection and avoidable pitfalls". Pharmaceutical Research. 37 (7): Article 125. doi:10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1. PMID 32529587. S2CID 219590658.
  10. ↑ Newman DJ, Cragg GM (March 2016). "Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014". Journal of Natural Products. 79 (3): 629–661. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055. PMID 26852623.
  11. ↑ Svenson J (May 2012). "MabCent: Arctic marine bioprospecting in Norway". Phytochemistry Reviews. 12 (3): 567–578. doi:10.1007/s11101-012-9239-3. PMC 3777186. PMID 24078803.
  12. ↑ Sysoev M, Grötzinger SW, Renn D, Eppinger J, Rueping M, Karan R (February 2021). "Bioprospecting of novel extremozymes from prokaryotes—the advent of culture-independent methods". Frontiers in Microbiology. 12: Article 630013. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.630013. PMC 7902512. PMID 33643258 Check |pmid= value (help).
  13. ↑ Saslis-Lagoudakis CH, Savolainen V, Williamson EM, Forest F, Wagstaff SJ, Baral SR, Watson MF, Pendry CA, Hawkins JA (September 2012). "Phylogenies reveal predictive power of traditional medicine in bioprospecting". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (39): 15835–40. Bibcode:2012PNAS..10915835S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202242109. PMC 3465383. PMID 22984175.
  14. ↑ Baana K, Angwech H, Malinga GM (May 2018). "Ethnobotanical survey of plants used as repellents against housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in Budondo Subcounty, Jinja District, Uganda". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 14 (1): Article 35. doi:10.1186/s13002-018-0235-6. PMC 5946462. PMID 29747673.
  15. ↑ "Biopiracy". www.merriam-webster.com. Merriam-Webster. 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  16. ↑ Benson E (February 2012). "Endangered science: the regulation of research by the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection and Endangered Species Acts". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences. 42 (1): 30–61. doi:10.1525/hsns.2012.42.1.30. PMID 27652415.
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